Caffeine, a common active adulterant of cocaine, enhances the reinforcing effect of cocaine and its motivational value

Rationale. Caffeine is one of the psychoactive substances most widely used as an adulterant in illicit drugs, such as cocaine. Animal studies have demonstrated that caffeine is able to potentiate several cocaine actions, although the enhancement of the cocaine reinforcing property by caffeine is les...

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Main Author: Prieto, José P. (author)
Other Authors: Scorza, Cecilia (author), Serra, Gian Pietro (author), Perra, Valentina (author), Galvalisi, Martín (author), Abín-Carriquiry, Juan A. (author), Piras, Giovanna (author), Valentini, Valentina (author)
Format: article
Language:English
Published: 2016
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12381/203
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4320-z
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author Prieto, José P.
author2 Scorza, Cecilia
Serra, Gian Pietro
Perra, Valentina
Galvalisi, Martín
Abín-Carriquiry, Juan A.
Piras, Giovanna
Valentini, Valentina
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author_browse Abín-Carriquiry, Juan A.
Galvalisi, Martín
Perra, Valentina
Piras, Giovanna
Prieto, José P.
Scorza, Cecilia
Serra, Gian Pietro
Valentini, Valentina
author_facet Prieto, José P.
Scorza, Cecilia
Serra, Gian Pietro
Perra, Valentina
Galvalisi, Martín
Abín-Carriquiry, Juan A.
Piras, Giovanna
Valentini, Valentina
author_role author
collection IIBCE en REDI
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Prieto, José P.
Scorza, Cecilia
Serra, Gian Pietro
Perra, Valentina
Galvalisi, Martín
Abín-Carriquiry, Juan A.
Piras, Giovanna
Valentini, Valentina
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2016
2019-11-08T18:33:26Z
2019-11-08T18:33:26Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12381/203
FCE_3_2013_1_100466
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4320-z
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Acceso abierto
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional. (CC BY-NC-SA)
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Psychopharmacology. 2016; 233(15-16): 2879-2889
reponame:IIBCE en REDI
instname:Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable
instacron:Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Reinforcement
Motivation
Addiction
Cocaine
Caffeine
Self-administration
Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud
Medicina Básica
Neurociencias
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Caffeine, a common active adulterant of cocaine, enhances the reinforcing effect of cocaine and its motivational value
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículo
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Aceptado
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
description Rationale. Caffeine is one of the psychoactive substances most widely used as an adulterant in illicit drugs, such as cocaine. Animal studies have demonstrated that caffeine is able to potentiate several cocaine actions, although the enhancement of the cocaine reinforcing property by caffeine is less reported, and the results depend on the paradigms and experimental protocols used. Objectives. We examined the ability of caffeine to enhance the motivational and rewarding properties of cocaine using an intravenous self-administration paradigm in rats. Additionally, the role of caffeine as a primer cue during extinction was evaluated. Methods. In naïve rats, we assessed (1) the ability of the cocaine (0.250–0.125 mg/kg/infusion) and caffeine (0.125–0.0625 mg/kg/infusion) combination to maintain selfadministration in fixed ratio (FR) and progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement compared with cocaine or caffeine alone and (2) the effect of caffeine (0.0625 mg/kg/infusion) in the maintenance of responding in the animals exposed to the combination of the drugs during cocaine extinction. Results. Cocaine combined with caffeine and cocaine alone was self-administered on FR and PR schedules of reinforcement. Interestingly, the breaking point determined for the cocaine + caffeine group was significantly higher than the cocaine group. Moreover, caffeine, that by itself did not maintain self-administration behavior in naïve rats, maintained drug-seeking behavior of rats previously exposed to combinations of cocaine + caffeine. Conclusions. Caffeine enhances the reinforcing effects of cocaine and its motivational value. Our results highlight the role of active adulterants commonly used in cocaine-based illicit street drugs.
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
format article
id anni_e894eaa8c9e282e1358b124f09ebfe3d
identifier_str_mv FCE_3_2013_1_100466
instacron_str Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable
institution Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable
instname_str Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable
language eng
network_acronym_str anni
network_name_str oai-lr-anni
oai_identifier_str oai:redi.anii.org.uy:20.500.12381/203
publishDate 2016
publishDateSort 2016
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
reponame_str IIBCE en REDI
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository_id_str
rights_invalid_str_mv Acceso abierto
Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional. (CC BY-NC-SA)
spelling Caffeine, a common active adulterant of cocaine, enhances the reinforcing effect of cocaine and its motivational valuePrieto, José P.Scorza, CeciliaSerra, Gian PietroPerra, ValentinaGalvalisi, MartínAbín-Carriquiry, Juan A.Piras, GiovannaValentini, ValentinaReinforcementMotivationAddictionCocaineCaffeineSelf-administrationCiencias Médicas y de la SaludMedicina BásicaNeurocienciasRationale. Caffeine is one of the psychoactive substances most widely used as an adulterant in illicit drugs, such as cocaine. Animal studies have demonstrated that caffeine is able to potentiate several cocaine actions, although the enhancement of the cocaine reinforcing property by caffeine is less reported, and the results depend on the paradigms and experimental protocols used. Objectives. We examined the ability of caffeine to enhance the motivational and rewarding properties of cocaine using an intravenous self-administration paradigm in rats. Additionally, the role of caffeine as a primer cue during extinction was evaluated. Methods. In naïve rats, we assessed (1) the ability of the cocaine (0.250–0.125 mg/kg/infusion) and caffeine (0.125–0.0625 mg/kg/infusion) combination to maintain selfadministration in fixed ratio (FR) and progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement compared with cocaine or caffeine alone and (2) the effect of caffeine (0.0625 mg/kg/infusion) in the maintenance of responding in the animals exposed to the combination of the drugs during cocaine extinction. Results. Cocaine combined with caffeine and cocaine alone was self-administered on FR and PR schedules of reinforcement. Interestingly, the breaking point determined for the cocaine + caffeine group was significantly higher than the cocaine group. Moreover, caffeine, that by itself did not maintain self-administration behavior in naïve rats, maintained drug-seeking behavior of rats previously exposed to combinations of cocaine + caffeine. Conclusions. Caffeine enhances the reinforcing effects of cocaine and its motivational value. Our results highlight the role of active adulterants commonly used in cocaine-based illicit street drugs.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e InnovaciónUniversity of Cagliari and Fondazione Banco di SardegnaGrant FCE 3/2013/1/ 100466, Smoked Cocaine in South Cone Countries Grant CICADOEA/ USINLSpringer2019-11-08T18:33:26Z2019-11-08T18:33:26Z2016Artículoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleAceptadoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12381/203FCE_3_2013_1_100466http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4320-zPsychopharmacology. 2016; 233(15-16): 2879-2889reponame:IIBCE en REDIinstname:Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estableinstacron:Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente EstableengAcceso abiertoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessReconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional. (CC BY-NC-SA)oai:redi.anii.org.uy:20.500.12381/2032026-06-16T05:25:35Z
spellingShingle Caffeine, a common active adulterant of cocaine, enhances the reinforcing effect of cocaine and its motivational value
Prieto, José P.
Reinforcement
Motivation
Addiction
Cocaine
Caffeine
Self-administration
Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud
Medicina Básica
Neurociencias
status_str acceptedVersion
title Caffeine, a common active adulterant of cocaine, enhances the reinforcing effect of cocaine and its motivational value
title_full Caffeine, a common active adulterant of cocaine, enhances the reinforcing effect of cocaine and its motivational value
title_fullStr Caffeine, a common active adulterant of cocaine, enhances the reinforcing effect of cocaine and its motivational value
title_full_unstemmed Caffeine, a common active adulterant of cocaine, enhances the reinforcing effect of cocaine and its motivational value
title_short Caffeine, a common active adulterant of cocaine, enhances the reinforcing effect of cocaine and its motivational value
title_sort Caffeine, a common active adulterant of cocaine, enhances the reinforcing effect of cocaine and its motivational value
topic Reinforcement
Motivation
Addiction
Cocaine
Caffeine
Self-administration
Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud
Medicina Básica
Neurociencias
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12381/203
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4320-z