Mitigating power deficits in lean-burn hydrogen engines with mild hybrid support for urban vehicles

Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines present a promising pathway for reducing carbon emissions in urban transportation by allowing for the reuse of existing vehicle platforms while eliminating carbon dioxide emissions from the exhaust. However, operating these engines with lean air–fuel mixtu...

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Päätekijä: Martinez-Boggio, Santiago (author)
Muut tekijät: Bibiloni, Sebastian (author), Rivoir, Facundo (author), Irimescu, Adrian (author), Merola, Simona (author)
Aineistotyyppi: article
Kieli:espanja
Julkaistu: 2025
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Linkit:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/51851
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author Martinez-Boggio, Santiago
author2 Bibiloni, Sebastian
Rivoir, Facundo
Irimescu, Adrian
Merola, Simona
author2_role author
author
author
author
author_browse Bibiloni, Sebastian
Irimescu, Adrian
Martinez-Boggio, Santiago
Merola, Simona
Rivoir, Facundo
author_facet Martinez-Boggio, Santiago
Bibiloni, Sebastian
Rivoir, Facundo
Irimescu, Adrian
Merola, Simona
author_role author
collection COLIBRI
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Martinez-Boggio Santiago, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.
Bibiloni Sebastian, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.
Rivoir Facundo, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.
Irimescu Adrian, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili (Italia)
Merola Simona, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili (Italia)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Martinez-Boggio, Santiago
Bibiloni, Sebastian
Rivoir, Facundo
Irimescu, Adrian
Merola, Simona
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-10-02T11:26:48Z
2025-10-02T11:26:48Z
2025
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 23 p.
application/pdf
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv Martinez-Boggio, S., Bibiloni, S., Rivoir, F. y otros. "Mitigating power deficits in lean-burn hydrogen engines with mild hybrid support for urban vehicles". Machines [en línea] vol. 7, no. 3, 2025. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles7030088.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/51851
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv es
spa
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Machines, vol. 7, no. 3, 2025.
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:COLIBRI
instname:Universidad de la República
instacron:Universidad de la República
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Hydrogen internal combustion engine
Lean combustion
Mild hybrid electric vehicle
Urban mobility
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Mitigating power deficits in lean-burn hydrogen engines with mild hybrid support for urban vehicles
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículo
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
description Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines present a promising pathway for reducing carbon emissions in urban transportation by allowing for the reuse of existing vehicle platforms while eliminating carbon dioxide emissions from the exhaust. However, operating these engines with lean air–fuel mixtures—necessary to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions and improve thermal efficiency—leads to significant reductions in power output due to the low energy content of hydrogen per unit volume and slower flame propagation. This study investigates whether integrating a mild hybrid electric system, operating at 48 volts, can mitigate the performance losses associated with lean hydrogen combustion in a small passenger vehicle. A complete simulation was carried out using a validated one-dimensional engine model and a full zero-dimensional vehicle model. A Design of Experiments approach was employed to vary the electric motor size (from 1 to 15 kW) and battery capacity (0.5 to 5 kWh) while maintaining a fixed system voltage, optimizing both the component sizing and control strategy. Results showed that the best lean hydrogen hybrid configuration achieved reductions of 18.6% in energy consumption in the New European Driving Cycle and 5.5% in the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle, putting its performance on par with the gasoline hybrid benchmark. On average, the lean H2 hybrid consumed 41.2 kWh/100 km, nearly matching the 41.0 kWh/100 km of the gasoline P0 configuration. Engine usage analysis demonstrated that the mild hybrid system kept the hydrogen engine operating predominantly within its high-efficiency region. These findings confirm that lean hydrogen combustion, when supported by appropriately scaled mild hybridization, is a viable near-zero-emission solution for urban mobility—delivering competitive efficiency while avoiding tailpipe CO2 and significantly reducing NOx emissions, all with reduced reliance on large battery packs.
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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identifier_str_mv Martinez-Boggio, S., Bibiloni, S., Rivoir, F. y otros. "Mitigating power deficits in lean-burn hydrogen engines with mild hybrid support for urban vehicles". Machines [en línea] vol. 7, no. 3, 2025. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles7030088.
instacron_str Universidad de la República
institution Universidad de la República
instname_str Universidad de la República
language spa
language_invalid_str_mv es
network_acronym_str anni
network_name_str oai-lr-anni
oai_identifier_str oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/51851
publishDate 2025
publishDateSort 2025
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spelling Mitigating power deficits in lean-burn hydrogen engines with mild hybrid support for urban vehiclesMartinez-Boggio, SantiagoBibiloni, SebastianRivoir, FacundoIrimescu, AdrianMerola, SimonaHydrogen internal combustion engineLean combustionMild hybrid electric vehicleUrban mobilityHydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines present a promising pathway for reducing carbon emissions in urban transportation by allowing for the reuse of existing vehicle platforms while eliminating carbon dioxide emissions from the exhaust. However, operating these engines with lean air–fuel mixtures—necessary to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions and improve thermal efficiency—leads to significant reductions in power output due to the low energy content of hydrogen per unit volume and slower flame propagation. This study investigates whether integrating a mild hybrid electric system, operating at 48 volts, can mitigate the performance losses associated with lean hydrogen combustion in a small passenger vehicle. A complete simulation was carried out using a validated one-dimensional engine model and a full zero-dimensional vehicle model. A Design of Experiments approach was employed to vary the electric motor size (from 1 to 15 kW) and battery capacity (0.5 to 5 kWh) while maintaining a fixed system voltage, optimizing both the component sizing and control strategy. Results showed that the best lean hydrogen hybrid configuration achieved reductions of 18.6% in energy consumption in the New European Driving Cycle and 5.5% in the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle, putting its performance on par with the gasoline hybrid benchmark. On average, the lean H2 hybrid consumed 41.2 kWh/100 km, nearly matching the 41.0 kWh/100 km of the gasoline P0 configuration. Engine usage analysis demonstrated that the mild hybrid system kept the hydrogen engine operating predominantly within its high-efficiency region. These findings confirm that lean hydrogen combustion, when supported by appropriately scaled mild hybridization, is a viable near-zero-emission solution for urban mobility—delivering competitive efficiency while avoiding tailpipe CO2 and significantly reducing NOx emissions, all with reduced reliance on large battery packs.Martinez-Boggio Santiago, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.Bibiloni Sebastian, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.Rivoir Facundo, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.Irimescu Adrian, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili (Italia)Merola Simona, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili (Italia)2025-10-02T11:26:48Z2025-10-02T11:26:48Z2025Artículoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion23 p.application/pdfMartinez-Boggio, S., Bibiloni, S., Rivoir, F. y otros. "Mitigating power deficits in lean-burn hydrogen engines with mild hybrid support for urban vehicles". Machines [en línea] vol. 7, no. 3, 2025. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles7030088.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/51851reponame:COLIBRIinstname:Universidad de la Repúblicainstacron:Universidad de la RepúblicaesspaMachines, vol. 7, no. 3, 2025.Las obras depositadas en el Repositorio se rigen por la Ordenanza de los Derechos de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Universidad de la República.(Res. Nº 91 de C.D.C. de 8/III/1994 – D.O. 7/IV/1994) y por la Ordenanza del Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de la República (Res. Nº 16 de C.D.C. de 07/10/2014)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLicencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/518512026-04-14T10:41:08Z
spellingShingle Mitigating power deficits in lean-burn hydrogen engines with mild hybrid support for urban vehicles
Martinez-Boggio, Santiago
Hydrogen internal combustion engine
Lean combustion
Mild hybrid electric vehicle
Urban mobility
status_str publishedVersion
title Mitigating power deficits in lean-burn hydrogen engines with mild hybrid support for urban vehicles
title_full Mitigating power deficits in lean-burn hydrogen engines with mild hybrid support for urban vehicles
title_fullStr Mitigating power deficits in lean-burn hydrogen engines with mild hybrid support for urban vehicles
title_full_unstemmed Mitigating power deficits in lean-burn hydrogen engines with mild hybrid support for urban vehicles
title_short Mitigating power deficits in lean-burn hydrogen engines with mild hybrid support for urban vehicles
title_sort Mitigating power deficits in lean-burn hydrogen engines with mild hybrid support for urban vehicles
topic Hydrogen internal combustion engine
Lean combustion
Mild hybrid electric vehicle
Urban mobility
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/51851