Leaf Saponins of Quillaja brasiliensis as Powerful Vaccine Adjuvants
Vaccine adjuvants are non-immunogenic agents that enhance or modulate immune responses to co-administered antigens and are essential to modern vaccines. Despite their importance, few are approved for human use. The rise of new pathogens and limited efficacy of some existing vaccines underscore the n...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | , , |
| Format: | article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2025
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/50775 |
| Tags: |
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1868890069592440832 |
|---|---|
| author | Morais, Víctor |
| author2 | Suárez, Norma Cibulski, Samuel Silveira, Fernando |
| author2_role | author author author |
| author_browse | Cibulski, Samuel Morais, Víctor Silveira, Fernando Suárez, Norma |
| author_facet | Morais, Víctor Suárez, Norma Cibulski, Samuel Silveira, Fernando |
| author_role | author |
| collection | COLIBRI |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv | Morais Víctor, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Higiene. Unidad Académica Desarrollo Biotecnológico Suárez Norma, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Higiene. Unidad Académica Desarrollo Biotecnológico Cibulski Samuel, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) (Brasil). Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairi Silveira Fernando, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Higiene. Unidad Académica Desarrollo Biotecnológico |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Morais, Víctor Suárez, Norma Cibulski, Samuel Silveira, Fernando |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-07-25T18:09:51Z 2025-07-25T18:09:51Z 2025 |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | MORAIS, V., SUÁREZ, N., CIBULSKI, S., y otros. Leaf Saponins of Quillaja brasiliensis as Powerful Vaccine Adjuvants. Pharmaceutics [en línea] 2025, 17(8) 966. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17080966 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/50775 10.3390/pharmaceutics17080966 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en eng |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | Pharmaceutics. 17(8) 966, 2025 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0) |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv | reponame:COLIBRI instname:Universidad de la República instacron:Universidad de la República |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Quillaja Saponins Vaccine adjuvants Nanoadjuvants ISCOM-matrices |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Leaf Saponins of Quillaja brasiliensis as Powerful Vaccine Adjuvants |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| description | Vaccine adjuvants are non-immunogenic agents that enhance or modulate immune responses to co-administered antigens and are essential to modern vaccines. Despite their importance, few are approved for human use. The rise of new pathogens and limited efficacy of some existing vaccines underscore the need for more advanced and effective formulations, particularly for vulnerable populations. Aluminum-based adjuvants are commonly used in vaccines and effectively promote humoral immunity. However, they mainly induce a Th2-biased response, making them suboptimal for diseases requiring cell-mediated immunity. In contrast, saponin-based adjuvants from the Quillajaceae family elicit a more balanced Th1/Th2 response and generate antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL). Due to ecological damage and limited availability caused by overharvesting Quillaja saponaria Molina barks, efforts have intensified to identify alternative plant-derived saponins with enhanced efficacy and lower toxicity. Quillaja brasiliensis (A.St.-Hil. and Tul.) Mart. (syn. Quillaja lancifolia D.Don), a related species native to South America, is considered a promising renewable source of Quillajaceae saponins. In this review, we highlight recent advances in vaccine adjuvant research, with a particular focus on saponins extracted from Q. brasiliensis leaves as a sustainable alternative to Q. saponaria saponins. These saponin fractions are structurally and functionally comparable, exhibiting similar adjuvant activity when they were formulated with different viral antigens. An alternative application involves formulating saponins into nanoparticles known as ISCOMs (immune-stimulating complexes) or ISCOM-matrices. These formulations significantly reduce hemolytic activity while preserving strong immunoadjuvant properties. Therefore, research advances using saponin-based adjuvants (SBA) derived from Q. brasiliensis and their incorporation into new vaccine platforms may represent a viable and sustainable solution for the development of more less reactogenic, safer, and effective vaccines, especially for diseases that require a robust cellular immunity. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | anni_5b34daa18375aff24dbceb06ec86e50a |
| identifier_str_mv | MORAIS, V., SUÁREZ, N., CIBULSKI, S., y otros. Leaf Saponins of Quillaja brasiliensis as Powerful Vaccine Adjuvants. Pharmaceutics [en línea] 2025, 17(8) 966. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17080966 10.3390/pharmaceutics17080966 |
| instacron_str | Universidad de la República |
| institution | Universidad de la República |
| instname_str | Universidad de la República |
| language | eng |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | anni |
| network_name_str | oai-lr-anni |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/50775 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| reponame_str | COLIBRI |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0) |
| spelling | Leaf Saponins of Quillaja brasiliensis as Powerful Vaccine AdjuvantsMorais, VíctorSuárez, NormaCibulski, SamuelSilveira, FernandoQuillajaSaponinsVaccine adjuvantsNanoadjuvantsISCOM-matricesVaccine adjuvants are non-immunogenic agents that enhance or modulate immune responses to co-administered antigens and are essential to modern vaccines. Despite their importance, few are approved for human use. The rise of new pathogens and limited efficacy of some existing vaccines underscore the need for more advanced and effective formulations, particularly for vulnerable populations. Aluminum-based adjuvants are commonly used in vaccines and effectively promote humoral immunity. However, they mainly induce a Th2-biased response, making them suboptimal for diseases requiring cell-mediated immunity. In contrast, saponin-based adjuvants from the Quillajaceae family elicit a more balanced Th1/Th2 response and generate antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL). Due to ecological damage and limited availability caused by overharvesting Quillaja saponaria Molina barks, efforts have intensified to identify alternative plant-derived saponins with enhanced efficacy and lower toxicity. Quillaja brasiliensis (A.St.-Hil. and Tul.) Mart. (syn. Quillaja lancifolia D.Don), a related species native to South America, is considered a promising renewable source of Quillajaceae saponins. In this review, we highlight recent advances in vaccine adjuvant research, with a particular focus on saponins extracted from Q. brasiliensis leaves as a sustainable alternative to Q. saponaria saponins. These saponin fractions are structurally and functionally comparable, exhibiting similar adjuvant activity when they were formulated with different viral antigens. An alternative application involves formulating saponins into nanoparticles known as ISCOMs (immune-stimulating complexes) or ISCOM-matrices. These formulations significantly reduce hemolytic activity while preserving strong immunoadjuvant properties. Therefore, research advances using saponin-based adjuvants (SBA) derived from Q. brasiliensis and their incorporation into new vaccine platforms may represent a viable and sustainable solution for the development of more less reactogenic, safer, and effective vaccines, especially for diseases that require a robust cellular immunity.Morais Víctor, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Higiene. Unidad Académica Desarrollo BiotecnológicoSuárez Norma, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Higiene. Unidad Académica Desarrollo BiotecnológicoCibulski Samuel, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) (Brasil). Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do TrairiSilveira Fernando, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Higiene. Unidad Académica Desarrollo Biotecnológico2025-07-25T18:09:51Z2025-07-25T18:09:51Z2025Artículoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfMORAIS, V., SUÁREZ, N., CIBULSKI, S., y otros. Leaf Saponins of Quillaja brasiliensis as Powerful Vaccine Adjuvants. Pharmaceutics [en línea] 2025, 17(8) 966. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17080966https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/5077510.3390/pharmaceutics17080966reponame:COLIBRIinstname:Universidad de la Repúblicainstacron:Universidad de la RepúblicaenengPharmaceutics. 17(8) 966, 2025Las obras depositadas en el Repositorio se rigen por la Ordenanza de los Derechos de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Universidad de la República.(Res. Nº 91 de C.D.C. de 8/III/1994 – D.O. 7/IV/1994) y por la Ordenanza del Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de la República (Res. Nº 16 de C.D.C. de 07/10/2014)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLicencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/507752026-04-14T10:37:02Z |
| spellingShingle | Leaf Saponins of Quillaja brasiliensis as Powerful Vaccine Adjuvants Morais, Víctor Quillaja Saponins Vaccine adjuvants Nanoadjuvants ISCOM-matrices |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Leaf Saponins of Quillaja brasiliensis as Powerful Vaccine Adjuvants |
| title_full | Leaf Saponins of Quillaja brasiliensis as Powerful Vaccine Adjuvants |
| title_fullStr | Leaf Saponins of Quillaja brasiliensis as Powerful Vaccine Adjuvants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leaf Saponins of Quillaja brasiliensis as Powerful Vaccine Adjuvants |
| title_short | Leaf Saponins of Quillaja brasiliensis as Powerful Vaccine Adjuvants |
| title_sort | Leaf Saponins of Quillaja brasiliensis as Powerful Vaccine Adjuvants |
| topic | Quillaja Saponins Vaccine adjuvants Nanoadjuvants ISCOM-matrices |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/50775 |