An indentation in a 33,000-year-old right calcaneus of the ground sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra, Folivora) from Uruguay and its possible human agency
Several sites in the Americas are proposed to have evidence of human occupation before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The timing of human colonisation of the Americas is a matter of debate due to its intrinsic interest, but also because of the implications of that arrival for the extinction of the...
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| Format: | article |
| Language: | English |
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2025
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/50904 |
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| _version_ | 1868890021269864448 |
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| author | Fariña, Richard |
| author2 | Hayes, Elspeth Lemoine, Luis A. Fullagar, Richard Tambusso, P. Sebastián Varela, Luciano |
| author2_role | author author author author author |
| author_browse | Fariña, Richard Fullagar, Richard Hayes, Elspeth Lemoine, Luis A. Tambusso, P. Sebastián Varela, Luciano |
| author_facet | Fariña, Richard Hayes, Elspeth Lemoine, Luis A. Fullagar, Richard Tambusso, P. Sebastián Varela, Luciano |
| author_role | author |
| collection | COLIBRI |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv | Fariña Richard, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Ciencias Geológicas. Hayes Elspeth Lemoine Luis A. Fullagar Richard Tambusso P. Sebastián, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Ciencias Geológicas. Varela Luciano, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Ciencias Geológicas. |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Fariña, Richard Hayes, Elspeth Lemoine, Luis A. Fullagar, Richard Tambusso, P. Sebastián Varela, Luciano |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-08-04T18:01:21Z 2025-08-04T18:01:21Z 2025 |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | 13 h application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | Fariña, R, Hayes, E, Lemoine, L [y otros autores]. "An indentation in a 33,000-year-old right calcaneus of the ground sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra, Folivora) from Uruguay and its possible human agency". Swiss Journal of Paleontology. [en línea] 2025, 144(1): 31. 13 h. DOI: 10.1186/s13358-025-00379-0 1664-2384 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/50904 10.1186/s13358-025-00379-0 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en eng |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Springer |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | Swiss Journal of Paleontology, 2025, 144(1): 31. |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0) |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv | reponame:COLIBRI instname:Universidad de la República instacron:Universidad de la República |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Pleistocene Human arrival America’s first settlers Microscopic wear Residues Megafauna Xenarthra CT-scan Composite tools Giant sloth |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | An indentation in a 33,000-year-old right calcaneus of the ground sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra, Folivora) from Uruguay and its possible human agency |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| description | Several sites in the Americas are proposed to have evidence of human occupation before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The timing of human colonisation of the Americas is a matter of debate due to its intrinsic interest, but also because of the implications of that arrival for the extinction of the megafauna. Here, we study a notable indentation in the right calcaneus of a giant extinct ground sloth Lestodon armatus from the Arroyo del Vizcaíno site, Uruguay, dated to ~ 33 cal kyBP. We use a combination of 3D CT-scan modelling, high-resolution silicone casting, and microscopic wear and residue analysis to describe the morphology of the lesion, its associated residues, and the possible mechanisms behind its formation. Considering the indentation’s features, including its shape, depth, and the presence of organic residues, we argue that it could have been created by a penetrating object with a rounded tip, possibly a bone, ivory or hardened wood tip attached to a shaft. This evidence contributes to discussions on the dates of human arrival in South America and the potential interactions with the megafauna. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | anni_42ed7d2d77c51a4ae67d720bf554d537 |
| identifier_str_mv | Fariña, R, Hayes, E, Lemoine, L [y otros autores]. "An indentation in a 33,000-year-old right calcaneus of the ground sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra, Folivora) from Uruguay and its possible human agency". Swiss Journal of Paleontology. [en línea] 2025, 144(1): 31. 13 h. DOI: 10.1186/s13358-025-00379-0 1664-2384 10.1186/s13358-025-00379-0 |
| instacron_str | Universidad de la República |
| institution | Universidad de la República |
| instname_str | Universidad de la República |
| language | eng |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | anni |
| network_name_str | oai-lr-anni |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/50904 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Springer |
| reponame_str | COLIBRI |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0) |
| spelling | An indentation in a 33,000-year-old right calcaneus of the ground sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra, Folivora) from Uruguay and its possible human agencyFariña, RichardHayes, ElspethLemoine, Luis A.Fullagar, RichardTambusso, P. SebastiánVarela, LucianoPleistoceneHuman arrivalAmerica’s first settlersMicroscopic wearResiduesMegafaunaXenarthraCT-scanComposite toolsGiant slothSeveral sites in the Americas are proposed to have evidence of human occupation before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The timing of human colonisation of the Americas is a matter of debate due to its intrinsic interest, but also because of the implications of that arrival for the extinction of the megafauna. Here, we study a notable indentation in the right calcaneus of a giant extinct ground sloth Lestodon armatus from the Arroyo del Vizcaíno site, Uruguay, dated to ~ 33 cal kyBP. We use a combination of 3D CT-scan modelling, high-resolution silicone casting, and microscopic wear and residue analysis to describe the morphology of the lesion, its associated residues, and the possible mechanisms behind its formation. Considering the indentation’s features, including its shape, depth, and the presence of organic residues, we argue that it could have been created by a penetrating object with a rounded tip, possibly a bone, ivory or hardened wood tip attached to a shaft. This evidence contributes to discussions on the dates of human arrival in South America and the potential interactions with the megafauna.CSIC: I+D 2018, ID 335SpringerFariña Richard, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Ciencias Geológicas.Hayes ElspethLemoine Luis A.Fullagar RichardTambusso P. Sebastián, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Ciencias Geológicas.Varela Luciano, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Ciencias Geológicas.2025-08-04T18:01:21Z2025-08-04T18:01:21Z2025Artículoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion13 happlication/pdfFariña, R, Hayes, E, Lemoine, L [y otros autores]. "An indentation in a 33,000-year-old right calcaneus of the ground sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra, Folivora) from Uruguay and its possible human agency". Swiss Journal of Paleontology. [en línea] 2025, 144(1): 31. 13 h. DOI: 10.1186/s13358-025-00379-01664-2384https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/5090410.1186/s13358-025-00379-0reponame:COLIBRIinstname:Universidad de la Repúblicainstacron:Universidad de la RepúblicaenengSwiss Journal of Paleontology, 2025, 144(1): 31.Las obras depositadas en el Repositorio se rigen por la Ordenanza de los Derechos de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Universidad de la República.(Res. Nº 91 de C.D.C. de 8/III/1994 – D.O. 7/IV/1994) y por la Ordenanza del Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de la República (Res. Nº 16 de C.D.C. de 07/10/2014)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLicencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/509042026-04-14T10:10:53Z |
| spellingShingle | An indentation in a 33,000-year-old right calcaneus of the ground sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra, Folivora) from Uruguay and its possible human agency Fariña, Richard Pleistocene Human arrival America’s first settlers Microscopic wear Residues Megafauna Xenarthra CT-scan Composite tools Giant sloth |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | An indentation in a 33,000-year-old right calcaneus of the ground sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra, Folivora) from Uruguay and its possible human agency |
| title_full | An indentation in a 33,000-year-old right calcaneus of the ground sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra, Folivora) from Uruguay and its possible human agency |
| title_fullStr | An indentation in a 33,000-year-old right calcaneus of the ground sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra, Folivora) from Uruguay and its possible human agency |
| title_full_unstemmed | An indentation in a 33,000-year-old right calcaneus of the ground sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra, Folivora) from Uruguay and its possible human agency |
| title_short | An indentation in a 33,000-year-old right calcaneus of the ground sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra, Folivora) from Uruguay and its possible human agency |
| title_sort | An indentation in a 33,000-year-old right calcaneus of the ground sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra, Folivora) from Uruguay and its possible human agency |
| topic | Pleistocene Human arrival America’s first settlers Microscopic wear Residues Megafauna Xenarthra CT-scan Composite tools Giant sloth |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/50904 |